NTP time servers (Network Time Protocol) are an essential aspect of any computer or technology network. So many applications require accurate timing information that failing to synchronize a network appropriately and possibly can lead to all sorts of errors and problems – especially when communicating with other networks.
Accuracy, when it comes to time synchronization, means only one thing – atomic clocks. No other method of keeping time is as accurate or reliable. In comparison to an electronic clock, such as a digital watch, which will lose up to a second a day – an atomic clock will remain accurate to a second over 100,000 years.
Atomic clocks are not something that can be housed in an average server room though; they are very expensive, fragile and require full time technicians to control so are usually only found in large scale physics laboratories such as the run run by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Time – USA) and NPL (National Physical Laboratory – UK).
Getting a source of accurate time from an atomic clock is relatively easy. For a secure and reliable source of time there are only two options (the internet can not be described as secure nor reliable as a source of time):
* GPS time
* UTC time broadcast on long-wave
GPS time, from the USA's Global Positioning System, is a time stamp generated on the atomic clocks on the satellites. There is one distinct benefit about using GPS as a source of time: it is available anywhere on the planet.
All that is required to receive and utilize GPS time is a GPS time sever and antenna; a good clear view of the sky is also needed for an assured signal. Whilst not strictly UTC time (Coordinated Universal Time) being broadcast by GPS (UTC has had 17 leap seconds added to it since the satellites were launched) the timestamp included the information needed for NTP to convert it to the universal time standard.
UTC, however, is broadcast directly from physics laboratories and is available by using a radio referred NTP server. These signals are not available everywhere but in the USA (the signal is known as WWVB) and most of Europe (MSF and DCF) are covered. These too are highly accurate atomic clock generated time sources and as both methods come from a secure source the computer network will remain secure.
